The Battle for the Throne: Succession Wars in the Mughal Empire

The Timurid tradition dictated that after a king's death, the royal throne would pass to the king's eldest son; however, the lust for power shattered this tradition. Following a king's death, wars would break out among his sons and relatives. The prince who defeated his rivals would become the heir to the Mughal throne. Babur had to fight against his uncles and cousins, and his brother Jahangir Mirza became a constant source of trouble for him.

After Babur's death, his son Humayun ascended to the throne, facing hostility and opposition from his brothers. They opposed him at every turn, and due to the Afghan chiefs' enmity, Humayun suffered significant losses as his brothers sought to defeat him and seize the throne of Delhi. They troubled him at every step; Afghan chief Sher Shah Suri defeated him, forcing Humayun to leave Delhi. Humayun reached Lahore, only to be driven out by the Afghan army again. Defeated, he made his way to Multan. During his stay in Multan, Kamran Mirza attempted to blow up his sleeping quarters with cannon fire, but Humayun remained safe. Eventually, he sought refuge in Iran via Sindh. Fifteen years later, in 1555, he regained the Mughal Empire but died in less than a year.

After Humayun, Akbar ascended the throne. No one opposed Akbar, except for his stepbrother Mirza Abdul Hakim, who attacked Lahore with a rebellious army incited by scheming nobles. 

After Akbar, his son Jahangir took the throne. His son Khusrau rebelled against Jahangir. Jahangir defeated the rebel army, publicly executed the insurgents, and blinded Prince Khusrau, who spent his entire life in captivity. After Jahangir, Prince Khurram, known as Shah Jahan, ascended to the throne. He faced opposition from his brothers, Shahryar and Dawar Baksh, but Shah Jahan's loyalists defeated and captured them. Prince Shahryar was blinded, while Prince Dawar Baksh was killed.

In 1707, after Aurangzeb's death, succession wars erupted again, involving Princes Azam, Muazzam, and Kam Baksh. Prince Muazzam emerged victorious, while the other princes were killed in battle. In the ten years following Aurangzeb's death, seven bloody wars occurred, causing significant damage to the Mughal Empire. Countless generals, soldiers, and military experts lost their lives, leading to the weakening of the Mughal state.

Bravery Personified: Alauddin Khilji's Historic Response to Mongol Demands

For Alauddin, the insulting arrogance and thuggishness of the Mongols was intolerable. In a historic display of honor and bravery, this brave Muslim ruler crushed the head of every soldier in the Mongol army under the feet of his elephants.

He sent a terrible message to the Mongols that this is the answer to you in your own language from Alauddin Khilji, a Muslim zealot.

The Mongols, who rapidly conquered vast territories, faced their greatest challenges from Alauddin Khilji and were never able to establish dominance in India. Had it not been for a brave ruler like Alauddin, the historical and geographical landscape of India today would undoubtedly have been very different.

Scholars | Deen Write

Scholars

It is not easy to become a scholar, they will sit in an expensive car tomorrow. So people will object.

Before objecting to scholars, one should look at their childhood and their hard work.

At this age, parents do not even take their children up for prayer so that my son does not get hurt, washing clothes is a far cry.

And they become travelers at a young age. Ask those whom you have visited.

Not from those who Watch Movies all day and all night and then come on Socail Media and bark at scholars.

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